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Unisolvent points exist for a linearly independent family

Proved
exists_det_of_apply_ne_zero_of_linearIndependent

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let k\Bbbkk be a field, XXX an arbitrary type, and ι\iotaι a finite type with decidable equality. Let f:ι→X→kf : \iota \to X \to \Bbbkf:ι→X→k be a family of k\Bbbkk-valued functions on XXX, indexed by ι\iotaι, and assume that fff is linearly independent over k\Bbbkk in the k\Bbbkk-vector space X→kX \to \BbbkX→k of all functions (with pointwise operations). The conclusion is that there exists a family of points x:ι→Xx : \iota \to Xx:ι→X, indexed by the same type ι\iotaι, such that the square ι×ι\iota \times \iotaι×ι evaluation matrix whose (i,j)(i,j)(i,j) entry is fj(xi)f_j(x_i)fj​(xi​) has non-zero determinant, i.e. det⁡(fj(xi))i,j∈ι≠0\det\bigl(f_j(x_i)\bigr)_{i,j \in \iota} \neq 0det(fj​(xi​))i,j∈ι​=0. No hypothesis is placed on XXX beyond its being a type; in particular XXX may be infinite, and no regularity or topology is involved.

This is the standard unisolvence statement: a finite linearly independent family of k\Bbbkk-valued functions admits interpolation points at which the evaluation matrix is invertible, equivalently the evaluation functionals at those points form a basis of the dual of the span. It is used in the Rankin–Selberg part of the Langlands–Tunnell input, via LanglandsTunnell.RankinSelberg.exists_unisolvence_refPoint_cutoff_of_linearIndependent_slots, to select finitely many test points at which a family of independent test data can be separated.

Preamble
import Mathlib

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

set_option autoImplicit false
Formal statement
theorem exists_det_of_apply_ne_zero_of_linearIndependent
    {𝕜 : Type*} [Field 𝕜] {X : Type*} {ι : Type*} [Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι]
    (f : ι → X → 𝕜) (hf : LinearIndependent 𝕜 f) :
    ∃ x : ι → X, (Matrix.of fun i j : ι => f j (x i)).det ≠ 0 := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_exists_det_of_apply_ne_zero_of_linearIndependent.lean

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