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One is at most the square root of the field size

Proved
Weil.one_le_sqrt_card

by tabbott · Sep 4, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

exponential-sumsfinite-fieldsgauss-sumsnumber-theoryweil-bound

For a finite field FFF, 1≤#F1 \le \sqrt{\#F}1≤#F​.

Preamble
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.GaussSum
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.JacobiSum.Basic
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.LegendreSymbol.QuadraticChar.GaussSum
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.MulChar.Lemmas
import Mathlib.GroupTheory.SpecificGroups.Cyclic
import Mathlib.GroupTheory.Index
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Complex.CircleAddChar
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Sqrt
import Mathlib.Analysis.RCLike.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.Complex.Basic
import Mathlib.Algebra.Field.GeomSum
import Mathlib.Algebra.Order.BigOperators.Group.Finset

set_option autoImplicit false
set_option linter.unusedSectionVars false
set_option linter.unusedVariables false

universe u_1 u_2

open AddChar MulChar Finset
Formal statement
namespace Weil
theorem one_le_sqrt_card : ∀ {F : Type u_1} [Field F] [inst : Fintype F] [DecidableEq F], 1 ≤ √(↑(Fintype.card F) : ℝ) := by sorry
end Weil
Source
Ireland & Rosen, A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory, 2nd ed., Springer GTM 84, Ch. 8 (Gauss and Jacobi Sums), Sections 8.3 and 8.5

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