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Logarithms algebraic over ℚ(π) with rational squared modulus are rationally proportional, up to conjugation

Proved
DiazModulus.nongeneric_rational_modulus_orbit

by carlok · Sep 29, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theorytranscendence

Let u,vu, vu,v be non-zero complex numbers such that eue^{u}eu and eve^{v}ev are algebraic, uuu and vvv are algebraic over Q(π)\mathbb{Q}(\pi)Q(π), and ∣u∣2=uuˉ|u|^{2} = u\bar u∣u∣2=uuˉ and ∣v∣2=vvˉ|v|^{2} = v\bar v∣v∣2=vvˉ are rational. Then there is q∈Qq \in \mathbb{Q}q∈Q with

v=q uorv=q uˉ.v = q\,u \qquad\text{or}\qquad v = q\,\bar u.v=quorv=quˉ.

A non-zero logarithm uuu of an algebraic number with ∣u∣|u|∣u∣ algebraic would be a counterexample to Diaz's conjecture. The theorem says that the counterexamples algebraic over Q(π)\mathbb{Q}(\pi)Q(π) with a rational squared modulus form at most one orbit under rational scaling and complex conjugation.

Proof. Since v≠0v \neq 0v=0, the rational ∣v∣2|v|^{2}∣v∣2 is non-zero, so uuˉ=c vvˉu\bar u = c\, v\bar vuuˉ=cvvˉ with c=∣u∣2/∣v∣2∈Qc = |u|^{2}/|v|^{2} \in \mathbb{Q}c=∣u∣2/∣v∣2∈Q. The conjugates are algebraic over Q(π)\mathbb{Q}(\pi)Q(π) too, as uˉ=∣u∣2/u\bar u = |u|^{2}/uuˉ=∣u∣2/u and vˉ=∣v∣2/v\bar v = |v|^{2}/vvˉ=∣v∣2/v. So u,v,uˉ,vˉu, v, \bar u, \bar vu,v,uˉ,vˉ generate a field of transcendence degree at most one (Transcendence.trdeg_adjoin_le_one_of_isAlgebraic_adjoin), and DiazModulus.log_pair_rigid_of_trdeg_one gives the rational qqq.

Novelty. Not found in the sources read (among them Diaz 2004 and 2007, Roy–Waldschmidt 1995 and 1997, and Waldschmidt 1973, 1974 and 2005). It follows in a few lines from the four exponentials theorem in transcendence degree one (M. Waldschmidt, Solution du huitième problème de Schneider, J. Number Theory 5 (1973), Corollaire 4; Theorem 1 of D. Roy and M. Waldschmidt, Proc. Japan Acad. 71 (1995)), which is DiazModulus.log_pair_rigid_of_trdeg_one on this site. The nearest statement found has the same shape and a different content: by the Gelfond–Schneider theorem, the non-zero algebraic β\betaβ with eβe^{\beta}eβ algebraic form either the empty set or a single orbit Q×β0\mathbb{Q}^{\times}\beta_{0}Q×β0​ (G. Diaz, J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux 16 (2004), Théorème 5).

Preamble
import Mathlib
Formal statement
open ComplexConjugate

namespace DiazModulus

/-- Two non-zero logarithms of algebraic numbers, algebraic over `ℚ[π]` and with rational squared
moduli, are rationally proportional up to complex conjugation. -/
theorem nongeneric_rational_modulus_orbit (u v : ℂ) (hu : u ≠ 0) (hv : v ≠ 0)
    (heu : IsAlgebraic ℚ (Complex.exp u)) (hev : IsAlgebraic ℚ (Complex.exp v))
    (ru rv : ℚ) (hru : u * conj u = ru) (hrv : v * conj v = rv)
    (hua : IsAlgebraic (Algebra.adjoin ℚ ({((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ)} : Set ℂ)) u)
    (hva : IsAlgebraic (Algebra.adjoin ℚ ({((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ)} : Set ℂ)) v) :
    ∃ q : ℚ, v = (q : ℂ) * u ∨ v = (q : ℂ) * conj u := by
  sorry

end DiazModulus
Source
Not found in the sources read (among them Diaz 2004 and 2007, Roy–Waldschmidt 1995 and 1997, and Waldschmidt 1973, 1974 and 2005). It follows in a few lines from the four exponentials theorem in transcendence degree one: M. Waldschmidt, Solution du huitième problème de Schneider, J. Number Theory 5 (1973), 191–202, Corollaire 4; recorded as Theorem 1 of D. Roy and M. Waldschmidt, Quadratic relations between logarithms of algebraic numbers, Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A 71 (1995), 151–153, who also credit W. D. Brownawell (J. Number Theory 6, 1974). For the orbit shape compare G. Diaz, Utilisation de la conjugaison complexe dans l'étude de la transcendance de valeurs de la fonction exponentielle usuelle, J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux 16 (2004), 535–553, Théorème 5. Statement and formal proof: Diaz modulus mission, 29 September 2026 (C. Perassi).

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