A transcendence-degree-one field as quotients of integer polynomials in ω and ω₁
ProvedFourExp.trdeg_one_presentationPresenting the field. Let be -linearly independent, and likewise . Suppose every is algebraic and . Then there are such that is transcendental; is a root of , monic in of degree and minimal, in the sense that no non-zero with vanishes at ; and with , , and at . Evaluation is via eval₂.
Proof sketch. By Hermite–Lindemann is transcendental, since it is non-zero with algebraic exponential. The field generated by and the exponentials is finite over . A primitive element, scaled by a polynomial in , becomes , integral over with a monic minimal relation . Clearing denominators gives , , and .
Role. It is the opening of the 1973 §III, in integral form, for FourExp.construction_core_1973.
About the hypotheses. They are contradictory: that is the four exponentials theorem in transcendence degree one, which this subtree proves. This node is a step of that proof by contradiction, so its proof must not use the theorem.
import Mathlib
namespace FourExp
theorem trdeg_one_presentation
(x₁ x₂ y₁ y₂ : ℂ) (hx : LinearIndependent ℚ ![x₁, x₂]) (hy : LinearIndependent ℚ ![y₁, y₂])
(hexp : ∀ i j : Fin 2, IsAlgebraic ℚ (Complex.exp (![x₁, x₂] i * ![y₁, y₂] j)))
(htr : Algebra.trdeg ℚ ↥(Algebra.adjoin ℚ ({x₁, x₂, y₁, y₂} : Set ℂ)) ≤ 1) :
∃ ω ω₁ : ℂ, Transcendental ℚ ω ∧ ∃ Q : Polynomial (Polynomial ℤ),
Q.Monic ∧ 0 < Q.natDegree ∧ Polynomial.eval₂ (Polynomial.eval₂RingHom (Int.castRingHom ℂ) ω) ω₁ Q = 0 ∧
(∀ A : Polynomial (Polynomial ℤ), A.natDegree < Q.natDegree → Polynomial.eval₂ (Polynomial.eval₂RingHom (Int.castRingHom ℂ) ω) ω₁ A = 0 → A = 0) ∧
∃ (D : Polynomial (Polynomial ℤ)) (E G : Fin 2 → Polynomial (Polynomial ℤ)) (H : Fin 2 → Fin 2 → Polynomial (Polynomial ℤ)),
Polynomial.eval₂ (Polynomial.eval₂RingHom (Int.castRingHom ℂ) ω) ω₁ D ≠ 0 ∧ (∀ i, ![x₁, x₂] i * Polynomial.eval₂ (Polynomial.eval₂RingHom (Int.castRingHom ℂ) ω) ω₁ D = Polynomial.eval₂ (Polynomial.eval₂RingHom (Int.castRingHom ℂ) ω) ω₁ (E i)) ∧
(∀ j, ![y₁, y₂] j * Polynomial.eval₂ (Polynomial.eval₂RingHom (Int.castRingHom ℂ) ω) ω₁ D = Polynomial.eval₂ (Polynomial.eval₂RingHom (Int.castRingHom ℂ) ω) ω₁ (G j)) ∧
(∀ i j, Complex.exp (![x₁, x₂] i * ![y₁, y₂] j) * Polynomial.eval₂ (Polynomial.eval₂RingHom (Int.castRingHom ℂ) ω) ω₁ D = Polynomial.eval₂ (Polynomial.eval₂RingHom (Int.castRingHom ℂ) ω) ω₁ (H i j)) := by
sorry
end FourExp