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Extending (0,1)(0,1)(0,1) by one even target t≡2(mod4)t\equiv2\pmod4t≡2(mod4) with ε0=0\varepsilon_0=0ε0​=0 forces t=2⋅3nt=2\cdot3^nt=2⋅3n and odd letters ={3i}=\{3^i\}={3i}

Proved
Erdos195.prop3_mod4_two_rigid

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

Fix ε:N→{0,1}\varepsilon:\mathbb{N}\to\{0,1\}ε:N→{0,1} and the 222-adic total order on Z\mathbb{Z}Z given by x≺εyx\prec_\varepsilon yx≺ε​y iff x≠yx\neq yx=y and the kkk-th two's-complement digit of xxx equals εk\varepsilon_kεk​, where k=ν2(y−x)k=\nu_2(y-x)k=ν2​(y−x). A finite word QQQ of integers is ε\varepsilonε-safe if the sequence "the letters of QQQ in order, then all remaining integers in ≺ε\prec_\varepsilon≺ε​-order" contains no monotone 444-term arithmetic progression. Let t>0t>0t>0 with t≡2(mod4)t\equiv 2\pmod 4t≡2(mod4), and let QQQ be an ε\varepsilonε-safe word that begins with 0,10,10,1, contains ttt, and whose only even letters are 000 and ttt. If ε0=0\varepsilon_0=0ε0​=0, then there is n≥0n\ge0n≥0 with

t=2⋅3nand{y∈Q:y odd}={1,3,9,…,3n}.t=2\cdot 3^n\qquad\text{and}\qquad \{y\in Q : y \text{ odd}\}=\{1,3,9,\dots,3^n\}.t=2⋅3nand{y∈Q:y odd}={1,3,9,…,3n}.

Thus, outside the very thin family t=2⋅3nt=2\cdot3^nt=2⋅3n, extending the safe word (0,1)(0,1)(0,1) by one even target t≡2(mod4)t\equiv2\pmod4t≡2(mod4) forces ε0=1\varepsilon_0=1ε0​=1, and even in that family the odd letters are completely determined. This complements the case t≡0(mod4)t\equiv0\pmod4t≡0(mod4), where ε0=1\varepsilon_0=1ε0​=1 is always forced (Ho-style constructions of 444-AP-free permutations of Z\mathbb{Z}Z, Erdős Problem 195).

Formalization note: Safe, epsLt are from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs; "begins with 0,10,10,1" is [0, 1] <+: Q; ε0=0\varepsilon_0=0ε0​=0 is ε 0 = false; the set equality is stated as membership of all 3i3^i3i (i≤ni\le ni≤n) plus every odd letter being some 3i3^i3i with i≤ni\le ni≤n.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem prop3_mod4_two_rigid (ε : ℕ → Bool) (Q : List ℤ) (hS : Safe (epsLt ε) Q)
    (hpre : [0, 1] <+: Q) (t : ℤ) (ht0 : 0 < t) (ht2 : t % 4 = 2) (htQ : t ∈ Q)
    (hev : ∀ x ∈ Q, x % 2 = 0 → x = 0 ∨ x = t) (hε : ε 0 = false) :
    ∃ n : ℕ, t = 2 * 3 ^ n ∧ (∀ i ≤ n, (3:ℤ) ^ i ∈ Q) ∧
      ∀ y ∈ Q, y % 2 = 1 → ∃ i ≤ n, y = 3 ^ i := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); side result found while working on this mission (Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung)

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