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Coprime primitive curries never specialize both to zero

Proved
PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.not_both_specializations_zero_of_isRelPrime

by mysticflounder · Sep 17, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

fiber-countingpach-de-zeeuw-bezoutresultantsspecialization

Let ppp and qqq be bivariate real polynomials, let x:Rx : \mathbb{R}x:R be a coefficient coordinate, and assume the curried forms are relatively prime, hrel:IsRelPrime (Curry0 p) (Curry0 q)h_{rel} : \mathrm{IsRelPrime}\,(\mathrm{Curry0}\,p)\,(\mathrm{Curry0}\,q)hrel​:IsRelPrime(Curry0p)(Curry0q). The statement also carries primitivity hypotheses on the curries (binders _hpprim :(Curry0 p).IsPrimitive: (\mathrm{Curry0}\,p).\mathrm{IsPrimitive}:(Curry0p).IsPrimitive and _hqprim :(Curry0 q).IsPrimitive: (\mathrm{Curry0}\,q).\mathrm{IsPrimitive}:(Curry0q).IsPrimitive); they are present in the statement but not used by the proof. Then the two specialized univariate polynomials at xxx do not both vanish:

Specialized0 x p≠0∨Specialized0 x q≠0.{\mathrm{Specialized0}\,x\,p \neq 0 \lor \mathrm{Specialized0}\,x\,q \neq 0.}Specialized0xp=0∨Specialized0xq=0.

The proof shows that if both specializations vanished, the line factor CoeffLineFactor x\mathrm{CoeffLineFactor}\,xCoeffLineFactorx would divide both ppp and qqq, hence its curry would divide both curries and would be a unit by hrelh_{rel}hrel​; but that factor has a nonzero coefficient of positive degree, so it is not a unit. In the resultant/fiber-counting argument this guarantees that, over each coefficient value xxx, the common zeros are roots of a nonzero univariate polynomial.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_PdzPrelim

open EuclideanGeometry
open scoped Topology
open PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic
open PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.PlaneCurve
Formal statement
theorem PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.not_both_specializations_zero_of_isRelPrime (p q : MvPolynomial (Fin 2) ℝ) (x : ℝ)
    (_hpprim : (Curry0 p).IsPrimitive)
    (_hqprim : (Curry0 q).IsPrimitive)
    (hrel : IsRelPrime (Curry0 p) (Curry0 q)) :
    Specialized0 x p ≠ 0 ∨ Specialized0 x q ≠ 0 := by sorry
Source
Standard algebra used in proving Bézout's inequality, Theorem 2.1 of Pach–de Zeeuw, Distinct distances on algebraic curves in the plane (arXiv:1308.0177), which cites Gibson, Elementary Geometry of Algebraic Curves, Lemma 14.4; this lemma is not stated in the paper; formalized in https://github.com/mysticflounder/lean-formalizations/blob/dd46c17a2a034d7bfa0df02e7f77834d35592864/lean/LeanFormalizations/PachDeZeeuw/AlgebraicPrelim.lean#L702-L765
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 17, 2026

  • Endorsed by mysticflounder · Sep 17, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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