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Vacuum certificate: Minkowski space in spherical coordinates

Proved
ExactVacuumAtlas.Minkowski.certSph

by He Wang · Oct 13, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

coordinate-geometryexact-vacuum-atlasgeneral-relativityminkowski-spacericci-flatnessspherical-coordinatesvacuum-certificate

Consider gsphg^{\rm sph}gsph, the spherical Minkowski metric gsphg^{\rm sph}gsph (bundle Atlas_Minkowski_Spherical, coordinates (t,r,θ,φ)(t,r,\theta,\varphi)(t,r,θ,φ)): gtt=−1g_{tt}=-1gtt​=−1, grr=1g_{rr}=1grr​=1, gθθ=r2g_{\theta\theta}=r^2gθθ​=r2, gφφ=r2sin⁡2θg_{\varphi\varphi}=r^2\sin^2\thetagφφ​=r2sin2θ, other entries 000, candidate inverse diag(−1,1,1/r2,1/(r2sin⁡2θ))\mathrm{diag}(-1,1,1/r^2,1/(r^2\sin^2\theta))diag(−1,1,1/r2,1/(r2sin2θ)), on Usph={x: r>0, 0<θ<π}U^{\rm sph}=\{x:\ r>0,\ 0<\theta<\pi\}Usph={x: r>0, 0<θ<π} (t,φt,\varphit,φ arbitrary). Then

VacuumCertificate(gsph, g^sph, Usph).\mathrm{VacuumCertificate}\big(g^{\rm sph},\ \hat g^{\rm sph},\ U^{\rm sph}\big).VacuumCertificate(gsph, g^​sph, Usph).

VacuumCertificate(g,g^,U)\mathrm{VacuumCertificate}(g,\hat g,U)VacuumCertificate(g,g^​,U) (bundle Atlas_Core_Certificate) is the conjunction of eight obligations: UUU is open and nonempty; gij(x)=gji(x)g_{ij}(x)=g_{ji}(x)gij​(x)=gji​(x) for x∈Ux\in Ux∈U; g^(x) g(x)=I4\hat g(x)\,g(x)=I_4g^​(x)g(x)=I4​ for every x∈Ux\in Ux∈U; every component of ggg and of g^\hat gg^​ is C∞C^\inftyC∞ on UUU; at every x∈Ux\in Ux∈U there is an invertible matrix EEE with ETg(x)E=diag(−1,1,1,1)E^{\mathsf T}g(x)E=\mathrm{diag}(-1,1,1,1)ETg(x)E=diag(−1,1,1,1) (Lorentzian signature); and all sixteen components Rbd(x)R_{bd}(x)Rbd​(x), b,d∈{0,1,2,3}b,d\in\{0,1,2,3\}b,d∈{0,1,2,3}, of the coordinate Ricci tensor built from ggg and g^\hat gg^​ vanish for x∈Ux\in Ux∈U.

Row 2 of the atlas; obtained from the standard Schwarzschild certificate at M=0M=0M=0 by transport along the equality of the two metrics on the domain.

Formalization Note Everything is coordinate-level on R4\mathbb R^4R4 (points are functions {0,1,2,3}→R\{0,1,2,3\}\to\mathbb R{0,1,2,3}→R): no manifold, chart gluing, periodicity of φ\varphiφ, horizon, causal or global statement is made. Partial derivatives are Mathlib's deriv of coordinate slices; the certificates' C∞C^\inftyC∞ obligations make every derivative used a genuine derivative. Units G=c=1G=c=1G=c=1, signature (−,+,+,+)(-,+,+,+)(−,+,+,+).

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Basic
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Certificate
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Minkowski_Spherical
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_Defs
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_Domain
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_StdParts
import Definitions.Def_KerrBL_CoordGeometry
import Definitions.Def_KerrBL_Kerr_Metric
open Real
open ExactVacuumAtlas
open ExactVacuumAtlas.Minkowski
open ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild
Formal statement
theorem ExactVacuumAtlas.Minkowski.certSph : VacuumCertificate gSph giSph domSph := by sorry
Source
Müller–Grave catalogue eqs. minkCart and minkSph; coordinate Christoffel symbols and Ricci tensor: Müller–Grave catalogue.tex lines 277–281 (eq. ChristoffelSymbols), 287–290 (eq. RiemannTensor), 305–307 (R_{μν}=R^ρ_{μρν}), verified by the independent review 2026-10-13; R. M. Wald, General Relativity (1984) eqs. (3.1.30), (3.4.4)–(3.4.5) author-cited (not reviewer-verified); same formulas as platform definition KerrBL_CoordGeometry (id bbec007a-159a-4623-916d-f1cafab3e353); Lean source: repository ExactVacuumAtlas (private repository, not publicly accessible; GitHub remote pending (no GitHub identity on the build server)), commit 35f26e6a22f5d72380094fa94edc72dea667df53, Atlas/Minkowski/Spherical.lean#L50-L53 (module Atlas.Minkowski.Spherical, file sha256 ab4b8959cd1ac9b6b83f657f27f3300b2e02cd2984faf598e05b2b6b51035b1f; uploaded stub = platform_mirror/Theorems/Thm_ExactVacuumAtlas_Minkowski_certSph.lean)
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by He Wang · Oct 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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