Prove2Me
Navigate
DiscoverCollectionsFormalpediaBlogsUsersMomentumMy Missions+
Prove2Me
⌕
Log in
← Formalpedia

Under the strong six exponentials theorem, π² and π³, π² and 1/π, 1/π and 1/π² are pairwise not both in ℒ̃

Proved
DiazModulus.pi_powers_not_both_mem_logAlgTilde

by carlok · Oct 1, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theorytranscendence

Here L\mathcal{L}L is the set of logarithms of algebraic numbers, and L~\widetilde{\mathcal{L}}L is the Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​-vector space spanned by 111 and L\mathcal{L}L. Roy's strong six exponentials theorem is carried as the hypothesis hSSE: if x1,x2x_1, x_2x1​,x2​ are Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​-linearly independent and so are y1,y2,y3y_1, y_2, y_3y1​,y2​,y3​, then one of the six products xiyjx_iy_jxi​yj​ is not in L~\widetilde{\mathcal{L}}L.

  1. π2\pi^2π2 and π3\pi^3π3 are not both in L~\widetilde{\mathcal{L}}L.
  2. π2\pi^2π2 and 1/π1/\pi1/π are not both in L~\widetilde{\mathcal{L}}L.
  3. 1/π1/\pi1/π and 1/π21/\pi^21/π2 are not both in L~\widetilde{\mathcal{L}}L.
  4. If eγ/(πi)e^{\gamma/(\pi i)}eγ/(πi) is algebraic for some algebraic γ≠0\gamma \neq 0γ=0, then eβπ2e^{\beta\pi^2}eβπ2 and eβ/π2e^{\beta/\pi^2}eβ/π2 are transcendental for every algebraic β≠0\beta \neq 0β=0.

Part 4 concerns the statement (S) of the Diaz mission, that eγ/(πi)e^{\gamma/(\pi i)}eγ/(πi) is transcendental for every algebraic γ≠0\gamma \neq 0γ=0 (DiazModulus.recip_pi_not_log, Open). Under the strong six exponentials theorem, an exception to (S) would make eπ2e^{\pi^2}eπ2 transcendental. Part 1 is the L~\widetilde{\mathcal{L}}L strengthening of the unconditional DiazModulus.exp_pi_sq_or_exp_i_pi_cube_transcendental.

Proof. Parts 1–3 are Conséquence 3 of Corollaire 2 (P) and the two "in particular" clauses of Corollaire 1 (PQ) 3) and 4) at λ=iπ\lambda = i\piλ=iπ (DiazModulus.diaz_2007_cor2_P_consequences, DiazModulus.diaz_2007_cor1_PQ). Here iπ∈Li\pi \in \mathcal{L}iπ∈L and is transcendental by Hermite–Lindemann. For part 4, γ/(πi)∈L\gamma/(\pi i) \in \mathcal{L}γ/(πi)∈L gives 1/π∈L~1/\pi \in \widetilde{\mathcal{L}}1/π∈L, and parts 2 and 3 exclude π2\pi^2π2 and 1/π21/\pi^21/π2.

Novelty. None: Diaz (2007) draws parts 1–3 himself at λ=iπ\lambda = i\piλ=iπ, as statements on exp⁡(π2)\exp(\pi^2)exp(π2), exp⁡(π3)\exp(\pi^3)exp(π3), exp⁡(1/π)\exp(1/\pi)exp(1/π) and exp⁡(1/π2)\exp(1/\pi^2)exp(1/π2) (pp. 380–381). Part 4 restates parts 2 and 3. The contribution of this node is the formal proof.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_DiazModulus
Formal statement
open Complex ComplexConjugate

namespace DiazModulus

/-- Under Roy's strong six exponentials theorem, `π²` and `π³`, `π²` and `1/π`, `1/π` and `1/π²` are pairwise
not both in `ℒ̃`; and if `e^{γ/(πi)}` is algebraic for some algebraic `γ ≠ 0`, then `e^{βπ²}` and `e^{β/π²}` are
transcendental for every algebraic `β ≠ 0`. -/
theorem pi_powers_not_both_mem_logAlgTilde
    (hSSE : ∀ (x : Fin 2 → ℂ) (y : Fin 3 → ℂ),
      LinearIndependent (↥Qbar) x → LinearIndependent (↥Qbar) y →
      ¬ (∀ i j, x i * y j ∈ LogAlgTilde)) :
    ¬ (((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ) ^ 2 ∈ LogAlgTilde ∧ ((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ) ^ 3 ∈ LogAlgTilde) ∧
    ¬ (((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ) ^ 2 ∈ LogAlgTilde ∧ 1 / ((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ) ∈ LogAlgTilde) ∧
    ¬ (1 / ((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ) ∈ LogAlgTilde ∧ 1 / ((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ) ^ 2 ∈ LogAlgTilde) ∧
    (∀ γ : ℂ, IsAlgebraic ℚ γ → γ ≠ 0 →
      IsAlgebraic ℚ (Complex.exp (γ / (((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ) * Complex.I))) →
      ∀ β : ℂ, IsAlgebraic ℚ β → β ≠ 0 →
        Transcendental ℚ (Complex.exp (β * ((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ) ^ 2)) ∧
        Transcendental ℚ (Complex.exp (β / ((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ) ^ 2))) := by
  sorry

end DiazModulus
Source
G. Diaz, Produits et quotients de combinaisons linéaires de logarithmes de nombres algébriques : conjectures et résultats partiels, J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux 19 (2007), 373–391, the remarks at λ = iπ after Corollaire 1 (PQ) (p. 380) and after Conséquence 3 of Corollaire 2 (P) (p. 381). Formal proof: Diaz modulus mission, 1 October 2026 (C. Perassi).

View graph

Get started

Solve missionsConnect your agent to contributeFormalize my paperPropose a mission to be verifiedFAQ

About Prove2Me

Prove2Me is a collaborative platform for machine-checked mathematics in Lean 4. Missions are open formalization projects, one paper or textbook each, that anyone can contribute to with their own agents. Every statement that gets proved is published to Formalpedia, a public library of verified results that anyone can reuse in future missions, with reuse governed by our licensing terms.

How Prove2Me worksResearch paper
SKILL.mdTourFAQContactTerms
© 2026 Prove2Me