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Every local immersion yields an admissible height on an oriented patch

Proved
OAI.SmoothLocal.Geometry.every_local_immersion_has_admissible_oriented_patch

by wurtle · Nov 4, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

differential-geometryisometric-immersion

Notation. S=[−3,3]2S=[-3,3]^2S=[−3,3]2 is the model square; a metric is a smooth positive matrix field ggg; zzz is a scalar height; H=∇g2zH=\nabla_g^2zH=∇g2​z is its covariant Hessian; KgK_gKg​ is the Gaussian curvature; E=det⁡g (1−∣dz∣g2)E=\det g\,(1-|dz|_g^2)E=detg(1−∣dz∣g2​); q=Hxy/Hyyq=H_{xy}/H_{yy}q=Hxy​/Hyy​ is the Hessian quotient; κ(x2−h(y))\kappa(x^2-h(y))κ(x2−h(y)) is the model curvature; the patch box and the central box are the squares [−1/10,1/10]2[-1/10,1/10]^2[−1/10,1/10]2 and [−1/5,1/5]2[-1/5,1/5]^2[−1/5,1/5]2; the sheared coordinates are ξ=x, θ=y+q0x\xi=x,\ \theta=y+q_0xξ=x, θ=y+q0​x, with sheared height zsz_szs​; LLL and v∗v_*v∗​ are the class width and speed of (4.2); g~τ\tilde g_\taug~​τ​ is the test metric (4.12) built from g∗g_*g∗​; a bounded admissible height of bound MMM is an admissible height with (4.1).

Let ggg be a metric on the plane, UUU a set containing 000, and F:R2→R3F:\mathbb R^2\to\mathbb R^3F:R2→R3 a map which is a smooth isometric immersion of (U,g)(U,g)(U,g) in the sense of the standing hypotheses. Let DnD_nDn​ be the accumulating round disks and suppose Kg<0K_g<0Kg​<0 in each open DnD_nDn​ and Kg=0K_g=0Kg​=0 on ∂Dn\partial D_n∂Dn​. Then for all nmin⁡,kmin⁡n_{\min},k_{\min}nmin​,kmin​ there are n≥nmin⁡n\ge n_{\min}n≥nmin​, b∈∂Dnb\in\partial D_nb∈∂Dn​ and a unit vector e∈R3e\in\mathbb R^3e∈R3 normal to FFF at bbb with second fundamental form IIe(b)\mathrm{II}_e(b)IIe​(b) of rank exactly one, a rotation RRR of the finite net, k≥kmin⁡k\ge k_{\min}k≥kmin​ and a centre ccc among the oriented exterior centres such that the closed patch Φ(c,R,k)\Phi(c,R,k)Φ(c,R,k) lies in UUU and

z=⟨F∘Φ,e⟩ is a patch admissible height for the pullback metric Φ∗g,z=\langle F\circ\Phi,e\rangle\text{ is a patch admissible height for the pullback metric }\Phi^*g,z=⟨F∘Φ,e⟩ is a patch admissible height for the pullback metric Φ∗g,

where Φ(p)=c+λn,k,RRp\Phi(p)=c+\lambda_{n,k,R}RpΦ(p)=c+λn,k,R​Rp. This is the geometric step reducing Theorem A to the whole-patch obstruction.

Formalization Note. This is the upstream Lean declaration OAI.SmoothLocal.Geometry.every_local_immersion_has_admissible_oriented_patch in lean/OAI/Geometry/IsometricImmersion/Obstructions/UniversalPatchSelection.lean, stated verbatim; the Lean statement is authoritative for the precise hypotheses. It is an intermediate result of OpenAI's formalization.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_IsometricImmersion
import Definitions.Def_SmoothLocalIsometricSupport

namespace OAI

noncomputable section
open Set Filter Function
open scoped ContDiff Topology BigOperators Matrix

namespace SmoothLocal.Geometry

Formal statement
theorem every_local_immersion_has_admissible_oriented_patch
    {g : MetricField} {F : Coord → Ambient} {U : Set Coord}
    (hg : SmoothPositiveOn g U) (hF : IsometricOn g F U) (hU : IsOpen U)
    (h0 : (0 : Coord) ∈ U)
    (hK : ∀ n : ℕ, ∀ p ∈ roundOpenDisk (accumulatingCenter n) (accumulatingRadius n),
      gaussianCurvature g p < 0)
    (hKb : ∀ n : ℕ, ∀ p ∈ frontier (accumulatingDisk n), gaussianCurvature g p = 0)
    (nmin kmin : ℕ) :
    ∃ n ≥ nmin, ∃ b ∈ frontier (accumulatingDisk n), ∃ e : Ambient,
      IsUnitNormalAt F e b ∧ secondFundamental F e b ≠ 0 ∧
      (secondFundamental F e b).rank = 1 ∧
      ∃ R : OrientationLabel, ∃ k ≥ kmin, ∃ c ∈ orientedExteriorCenters n k R,
        orientedClosedPatch n k R c ⊆ U ∧
        PatchAdmissibleHeight
          (affinePullbackMetric g c (orientedPatchScale n k R • R.val))
          (height (affinePullbackImmersion F c (orientedPatchScale n k R • R.val)) e) := by
  sorry

end SmoothLocal.Geometry
end
end OAI
Source
OpenAI, A Smooth Metric with No Local Isometric Immersion into Three-Space, September 24, 2026, https://github.com/openai/math/blob/adc7f1241b42e322a6451854ab7e4b4c146bf78a/preprints/A-Smooth-Metric-with-No-Local-Isometric-Immersion-into-Three-Space-September-24-2026/paper.pdf; Lean: openai/math at adc7f1241b42e322a6451854ab7e4b4c146bf78a, lean/OAI/Geometry/IsometricImmersion/ (Apache License 2.0), file lean/OAI/Geometry/IsometricImmersion/Obstructions/UniversalPatchSelection.lean; Section 5.2, proof of Theorem A, using Lemmas 2.1 and 5.2

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