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Deficiency bound for equidistant witnesses with no three collinear points

Proved
Esgk.sum_two_sub_witnesses_le

by mysticflounder · Oct 20, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

combinatoricsdiscrete-geometrydistinct-distances

Let p=(p1,…,pn)p=(p_1,\dots,p_n)p=(p1​,…,pn​) be an injective configuration of nnn points in the plane, with image P={p1,…,pn}P=\{p_1,\dots,p_n\}P={p1​,…,pn​}, and assume that no three points of PPP are collinear. For indices a≠ba\ne ba=b let

α(a,b)=#{ x∈{1,…,n}: ∣px−pa∣=∣px−pb∣ }\alpha(a,b)=\#\{\,x\in\{1,\dots,n\}:\ |p_x-p_a|=|p_x-p_b|\,\}α(a,b)=#{x∈{1,…,n}: ∣px​−pa​∣=∣px​−pb​∣}

be the number of configuration points equidistant from pap_apa​ and pbp_bpb​. Let DDD be the number of distinct values ∣pi−pj∣|p_i-p_j|∣pi​−pj​∣ with i≠ji\ne ji=j; since ppp is injective, D=D(P)D=D(P)D=D(P), the number of distinct distances determined by PPP. Then every set Φ\PhiΦ of ordered pairs (a,b)(a,b)(a,b) of distinct indices satisfies

∑(a,b)∈Φ(2−α(a,b))≤2n (3D−n+1).\sum_{(a,b)\in\Phi}\bigl(2-\alpha(a,b)\bigr)\le 2n\,(3D-n+1).(a,b)∈Φ∑​(2−α(a,b))≤2n(3D−n+1).

The quantity 3D−n+13D-n+13D−n+1 measures how far DDD lies above (n−1)/3(n-1)/3(n−1)/3. In apex-counting arguments an upper bound for α\alphaα on the pairs of Φ\PhiΦ turns this inequality into an upper bound for ∣Φ∣|\Phi|∣Φ∣.

Formalization Note α(a,b)\alpha(a,b)α(a,b) is (IndexedEquidistantWitnesses p a b).card and DDD is NumDistancesOrdered p. Indices are elements of Fin n, and the inequality is stated in the real numbers.

Preamble
/-
Copyright (c) 2026 Adam McKenna. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Adam McKenna
-/
import Definitions.Def_Esgk_Energy
import Definitions.Def_Esgk_EquidistantWitnessCounts
import Definitions.Def_Esgk_Foundation
import Definitions.Def_Esgk_PlanarGeneralPosition

open EuclideanGeometry Esgk
Formal statement
namespace Esgk

theorem sum_two_sub_witnesses_le {n : ℕ} {p : Config n} (hp : Function.Injective p)
    (hgp3 : NonTrilinear (Config.toFinset p : Set Point))
    {Φ : Finset (Fin n × Fin n)} (hΦ : Φ ⊆ (Finset.univ : Finset (Fin n)).offDiag) :
    ∑ ab ∈ Φ, (2 - ((IndexedEquidistantWitnesses p ab.1 ab.2).card : ℝ)) ≤
      2 * (n : ℝ) * (3 * (NumDistancesOrdered p : ℝ) - (n : ℝ) + 1) := by sorry

end Esgk
Source
Lean formalization by Adam McKenna (2026), declaration Esgk.sum_two_sub_witnesses_le.

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