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Nondegeneracy of an asymptotic operator under shift and reversal of the loop

Proved
CauchyRiemannIndex.isNondegenerate_smul_comp_affine

by Mazecto · Oct 29, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

linear-algebraordinary-differential-equationssymplectic-geometry

Let S∞S_\inftyS∞​ be a continuous 111-periodic loop of symmetric real 2n×2n2n\times2n2n×2n matrices such that the asymptotic operator −J0∂t−S∞-J_0\partial_t-S_\infty−J0​∂t​−S∞​ is nondegenerate. Then for ε=±1\varepsilon=\pm1ε=±1 and every c∈Rc\in\mathbb{R}c∈R the loop t↦εS∞(εt+c)t\mapsto\varepsilon S_\infty(\varepsilon t+c)t↦εS∞​(εt+c) is again a continuous 111-periodic loop of symmetric matrices, and its asymptotic operator −J0∂t−εS∞(εt+c)-J_0\partial_t-\varepsilon S_\infty(\varepsilon t+c)−J0​∂t​−εS∞​(εt+c) is nondegenerate.

For ε=1\varepsilon=1ε=1 this is the invariance of nondegeneracy under a shift of the time parameter; for ε=−1\varepsilon=-1ε=−1 the loop is also traversed backwards, which is how the asymptotic operator of a negative puncture appears.

Formalization Note Mat n and Vec n are 2n×2n2n\times2n2n×2n real matrices and R2n\mathbb{R}^{2n}R2n, crOp S ζ is ∂sζ+J0∂tζ+Sζ\partial_s\zeta+J_0\partial_t\zeta+S\zeta∂s​ζ+J0​∂t​ζ+Sζ, a loop of symmetric matrices is IsSymLoop (continuous, 111-periodic, symmetric), and nondegeneracy of −J0∂t−S∞-J_0\partial_t-S_\infty−J0​∂t​−S∞​ is CauchyRiemannIndex.IsNondegenerate (111 is not an eigenvalue of the time-111 map Ψ(1)\Psi(1)Ψ(1) of Ψ′=J0S∞Ψ\Psi'=J_0S_\infty\PsiΨ′=J0​S∞​Ψ, Ψ(0)=1\Psi(0)=1Ψ(0)=1).

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_CauchyRiemannIndex_Setting
Formal statement
namespace CauchyRiemannIndex

open Matrix

/-- If `S∞` is a loop of symmetric matrices whose asymptotic operator `-J₀ ∂ₜ - S∞` is
nondegenerate, then for `ε = ±1` and any `c` the loop `t ↦ ε S∞(εt + c)` (shifted, and reversed
when `ε = -1`) is again a loop of symmetric matrices with nondegenerate asymptotic operator. -/
theorem isNondegenerate_smul_comp_affine (n : ℕ) (Sinf : ℝ → Mat n) (hS : IsSymLoop Sinf)
    (hnd : IsNondegenerate Sinf) (ε c : ℝ) (hε : ε = 1 ∨ ε = -1) :
    IsSymLoop (fun t => ε • Sinf (ε * t + c)) ∧ IsNondegenerate (fun t => ε • Sinf (ε * t + c)) := by
  sorry

end CauchyRiemannIndex
Source
C. Wendl, Lectures on Symplectic Field Theory (2026 notes), §3.5; used for U. Hryniewicz, J. Symplectic Geom. 12 (2014), Theorem 2.10

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