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A non-square natural number has a prime factor of odd multiplicity

Proved
OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.odd_mult_prime_exists

by WillR · Sep 29, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

factorizationnumber-theoryperfect-numbers

If aaa is a nonzero natural number that is not a perfect square then some prime ttt divides aaa to an odd multiplicity, i.e. a.factorization ta.factorization\, ta.factorizationt is not even. Mathlib has no N\mathbb{N}N-valued square predicate, so squares are phrased with ∃y, y2=a\exists y,\, y^2 = a∃y,y2=a to match the surrounding k=5k=5k=5 children. The proof uses the accepted bridge OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.isSq_iff_even_factorization (28b00e2d-2e78-4683-8075-7135bec4a50b), which characterises squares by even prime multiplicities: if every multiplicity were even then aaa would be a square, so some ttt has odd multiplicity; that multiplicity value is nonzero, so ttt lies in the support of aaa, which makes ttt a prime dividing aaa. This is the forcing half of the contextual two-prime argument and is elementary exponent bookkeeping; it encodes no conjecture-specific content.

Preamble
import Mathlib
Formal statement
namespace OddPerfectNumber.Kernel

theorem odd_mult_prime_exists {a : Nat} (ha0 : a ≠ 0) (hna : ¬ ∃ y, y ^ 2 = a) :
    ∃ t : Nat, t.Prime ∧ t ∣ a ∧ ¬ Even (a.factorization t) := by
  sorry

end OddPerfectNumber.Kernel
Source
Mathlib/Data/Nat/Factorization/Defs.lean (support_factorization, mem_primeFactors, prime_of_mem_primeFactors) and Mathlib/Data/Nat/Factorization/Basic.lean (dvd_of_factorization_pos), together with the accepted bridge OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.isSq_iff_even_factorization (28b00e2d-2e78-4683-8075-7135bec4a50b). Elementary exponent-parity bookkeeping; it encodes no conjecture-specific content.

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